Interior decoration of buildings (types, requirements for products)

After completion of any construction, interior decoration is required to complete the look and functionality of the space. External is important for the insulation of premises, internal - to ensure the conditions of appropriate existence in the premises of any destination from the warehouse to the residential area. So, when approaching the interior decoration of an apartment house, first of all, it is necessary to determine which final form of the premises we want to receive and how much money we are willing to spend on it, and on the condition that we still have to do it ourselves, we should select such types of work, which we can fulfill. Then it is necessary to make accurate measurements of all rooms, determine the material and calculate the finish inside the house. The interior decoration of the house is made from the top to the bottom, and in the premises - from the ceiling to the walls.

Approaching the interior decoration of a residential building, first of all, it is necessary to determine which final form of the premises we want to receive and how much money we are willing to spend on it, and on the condition that we still have to do it ourselves, we should select the types of work that we we can fulfill.

The quality of the rooms at home is a guarantee of comfort and investment in it.

With the proper implementation of all building codes, there will be no need for frequent cosmetic repairs.

Before proceeding with the finish finishing of the house or apartment, you need to make sure the quality of the rough, which must be made in the form of a geometrically correct solid foundation, which will later serve as a basis for performing work with the finish decorative coatings. There are a lot of materials for the finish interior decoration of the house, the most common of which are wallpapers, paints, textured coverings, differently colored tiles and many others. Naturally, everyone wants to see the horizontals horizontal and vertical vertical, that is, everything should be smooth. In this case, even the most inexpensive repair of materials will please the eye if the slopes, ceilings and walls are flat, without convex seams. That is why the primary stage of interior finishing is very important, since the final form of the decorative coating directly depends on it.

Preparatory work

To ensure the quality of the plaster walls was high, it is necessary to observe the proportions when preparing the mortar.

Today you can perform leveling of the surface before the finish of the housing of any complexity in the following ways:

• by plastering surfaces with cement-sand mortars - the cheapest and most laborious method;
• with the help of plaster lime;
• with the help of gypsum plaster;
• using the installation of gypsum board on a metal frame;
• using plasterboard, glued to the surface of the walls.

It should be noted that there is no need to pre-level the surface, with such irregularities the glue solution will cope. Returning to alignment, consider each method in more detail:

1. At the primary finish, cement-sand plaster is still often used. Among other materials, this mixture has the highest density and hardness. The most moisture-and frost-resistant type of primary finish. It is applied directly to the brick. Has an excellent grip with such a base. The disadvantages of this material include poor adhesion to concrete surfaces, such as in panel apartments. Although there is a polymer dispersion for the enhancement of cohesion, nevertheless, successful interaction with a given surface with a large area is still difficult. In addition, this type of plaster is poorly applied in thick layers more than 5 cm. Also this plaster is the heaviest. Cement-sand plaster is used mainly in industrial and economic construction and facade decoration.
2. Lime plaster. Still used, but rarely. Advantage is the convenience and ease of application, which makes it possible to perform work quickly, with the application of a thick layer. Has the lowest strength and density, in addition, unstable to dampness, frost.
3. Gypsum plaster. It has many advantages:

For plaster walls, in addition to mortar mixes, you will need the necessary tools.

• excellent adhesion with virtually any surface;
• easy and convenient to apply;
• smoothness of the surface after plastering, on which it is possible to perform finishing work without additional finishing;
• strength is inferior to cement-sand plaster, but it has plasticity and viscosity, due to which it reacts less to deformation of the substrate.

However, for all this, there is a very significant drawback - the cost of the gypsum mixture.

Also it is possible to make alignment with the help of a prefabricated structure of a metal frame for the subsequent installation of a drywall sheet on it. This is a completely different kind of primary finish of the ceiling and walls. Performed as a dry repair process. Such a process is the most technological, it is easy to control. Moreover, it allows to reproduce non-standard and complex forms. Interior decoration with such structures allows to insulate and soundproof the walls due to the formed cavities. Drywall has a smooth, hard surface, serving as an excellent base for all subsequent species, including tiling. The disadvantage in this case is that the volume of the room is eaten, because the distance from the line of the rough surface to the finish line is at least 45 mm.

1. In order to bypass these "eating" of the area of ​​the room and use the drywall sheet as a material, you can glue it to the surface. But this kind of decoration is not for very curved walls, as it will require a large overrun of the adhesive material.
2. The interior decoration with wood, namely the lining, like the GKL, is sometimes irreplaceable. Cladding of walls with wooden lining significantly ennobles the look of the room. The walls of the premises, which are faced with plasterboard and lining, are less susceptible to the accumulation of dirt and dust.

Lining is a wooden plank, easily mounted on special joints.

Lining is a wooden plank, easily mounted on special joints. In use it is almost universal, as it can be used for flooring, walls, ceiling, moreover, and for the outside. Many people consider the tree to be short-lived and fastidious. Of course, this is true, but modern processing technologies provide the tree with moisture resistance, durability and strength. A tree will always be an environmentally friendly construction material, which has excellent thermal and sound insulation. Wood creates a perfect microclimate in the room. Mounting works with lining do not require preliminary preparation or leveling of surfaces. The work is done fairly quickly and easily. Of course, the drawback in this case is that it is a fire hazardous material. In addition, the material is susceptible to damage to insects and fungi, poorly tolerates moisture and sudden temperature changes.

Sequence of work

Required Tools:

1. Electric jigsaw.
2. Punch.
3. A hammer.
4. Screwdriver or drill with a nozzle.
5. Self-tapping screws 60 mm.
6. Wood screws 75 mm and 35 mm.
7. Building level.
8. Triangle.
9. Stapler and staples.

There is one feature. Material - the tree is very sensitive to changes in humidity, so it should be allowed to lie down to get used to the microclimate of the rooms in which it is to live. For acclimatization, the tree will be sufficient for a day. First of all, it is necessary to mount a wooden crate. For this purpose, we fasten the brackets with screws at a pitch of 65 cm to each other. With the help of a level and a plumb, it is necessary to set vertically the upper and lower bars. After that, the mounting thread is attached to them, creating an even plane in which it is necessary to fasten the wooden bars with the help of 35 mm screws with horizontal and vertical observance. After the installation of the battens is done, it is desirable to open it with antifungal primer and leave to dry.

Now the space between the crate and the wall can be insulated with mineral wool. Then create a waterproofing using a vapor barrier over mineral wool. The parabarrier is attached to the wooden blocks with a stapler. Thanks to thermal insulation, heat, noise and waterproofing are significantly improved. We prepare the lining for installation. Why do we measure the room, namely the height. and cut the lining. Mount it can be staples or carnations. If you want to make an invisible seam, then you can secure it with secret knitters. In the lining locks, nails are fastened to the bars for fastening. So the nails become invisible. In the joint space of the room, the last board will need to be cut to size. In order to execute window slopes to the window itself, the starting strip is first screwed. One end of the lining is inserted in the groove strip, and the other - nailed to a wooden bar, pre-cooked and exposed to the vertical. This interior finish must be covered with a special lacquer.

The most responsible and difficult thing at the time of repair is. That it does not become for you the present problem, it is not necessary to undertake independently on repair. Without special knowledge and experience, there is a risk of doing something wrong, after which you will all have to turn to the help of skilled workers. Interior decoration of living quarters   - a time-consuming process, as it is necessary to create a beautiful and neat interior, and at the same time to protect the surface from damage as much as possible.

What is the complexity of interior decoration of living quarters?

To turn a closed uncomfortable space of four walls into a beautiful place where you can happily live and work, you need a whole complex of repair work. If you are an owner of an old-style apartment, most likely, you will need a capital interior decoration of living quarters   with roughing and finishing. We are developing a repair plan based on your wishes, budgets and general building type. At the conclusion of the contract for renewal, our employees go to the site to determine the necessary parameters. It also happens that the room needs a redesign. In this case, only partitions that are not part of the supporting structure are subjected to dismantling. All types of dismantling, including demolition of the window unit and removal of floor screed refer to the stage of rough finishing. At this time, there is a lot of construction debris and harmful dust, so we offer our customers interior decoration of living quarters Full construction. Thus, the tenants of the apartment do not need to be constantly in the room, where they continuously knock, drill and paint.

Interior decoration of residential premises - high-quality interior renovation

The main components of the house are the walls, the ceiling and the floor, so preparing these surfaces for decorative finishing is the primary work. If the walls still have elements of old finish, it is completely cleaned, and the surface is leveled. Even if you moved to a new building, the alignment and cleaning of the walls must be carried out necessarily, because without this decorative coating will not last long on the wall. As a rule, hypocarton is used for the ceiling, as it is light and easy to use, as well as stretch ceilings with high sound insulation, and for apartments in a high-rise building, protection against loud sounds is very important. With regard to sex, the presence of damage, cracks and peeling can only be determined by a specialist. During major repairs, not only the old floor covering is removed, but also the cement base, which is replaced by a new smooth coating. Interior decoration of residential premises in Moscow   ends with wallpapering or decorative plastering on walls, installing tiles in the bathroom and in the kitchen, laying the floor covering in the form of parquet, linoleum or a bulk floor.

§ 4. Residential houses

The general appearance of the facades of buildings in the areas of mass construction is determined at the design stage.

Facades of panel buildings are finished mainly in the factory conditions - they are faced with ceramic or glass tiles, decorative concrete or painted with high-strength and durable silicone, organosilicate and other compounds; facades of brick buildings are trimmed in the process of erecting walls, performing external rows of masonry with facial bricks and ceramic stones.

Interior decoration depends on the purpose of the room, the type of its structures, the operating conditions and the capital of the building. In this regard, not only the physical longevity of coatings, but also the terms of their moral aging, the convenience of operation, the conditions of sanitary and hygienic maintenance are taken into account.

The nature and cost of finishing are determined by the capital of residential buildings, which usually depends on their number of storeys. In multi-storey (3 ... 6 floors and more) buildings, expensive long-lived coatings with high operational and technical parameters are used, in low-rise (1 and 2 floors) - cheaper and less durable coatings.

The quality of the finish depends on the class of the building. In residential buildings of the first class, high-quality finishing is used, and grade II is improved. In unique buildings, besides high-quality finishing, additional decorative and architectural and artistic finishing works are performed.

In apartment buildings, the coloring of walls and ceilings of rooms or wallpapering is usually renewed in 4 ... 5 years. In hostels, the cover wears out more quickly than in apartment houses, so the coloring, wallpapering, is renewed after 2 ... 3 years.

In hotels for finishing use durable materials that require repair or replacement after 7 ... 10 years: pasty detergent wallpaper and film coatings, decorative slats, particle board with paper-resin coating or fines of valuable timber, beech parquet. Also, coatings of less durable materials are used, but they can be easily replaced without interruption in the operation of the room (for example, self-adhesive and washable wallpaper, synthetic and textile carpeting, multi-color linoleum on the soundproofing base).

Sanitary and hygienic requirements are decisive in choosing the nature of the finish. Coatings should be non-toxic, have high sound and heat insulation properties, allow frequent dedusting, and in a number of rooms - systematic wet cleaning, periodic washing and disinfection.

Types of finishing coatings in residential buildings depend on the purpose of the premises, which are divided into several groups: living rooms, halls, corridors, hallways, storerooms, kitchens, baths, toilet rooms, vestibules, staircases.

In living rooms most often used non-waterproof, but air-permeable wall coverings; in corridors, especially in vestibules, moisture-proof and washable wallpaper or even oil paint is preferable. Floor coverings in living rooms are made, as a rule, from a parquet, a parquet board and parquet shields. In corridors, vestibules and especially in kitchens, it is advisable to use polyvinyl chloride linoleum (or tile) for this, which allows frequent wet rubbing.

In kitchens, taking into account the harsher conditions of their operation, the walls and floors are finished with materials that allow frequent washing with soapy water.

In the toilet room, the walls are painted with water-resistant paint (it is possible to cover the entire height of the wall); in the bathroom, this finish is only permissible for sections of walls that do not adhere to the bath and wash. The rest of the wall surface is best glazed or (if there is no gas column in the bathroom) polystyrene tiles to a height of at least 1.6 m.

Ceilings in kitchens, baths, toilets, as well as in vestibules and staircases are desirable to be performed with compounds that allow wet wiping.

Assigning the nature of the finish of the building, it is taken into account that the repair and replacement of the ceilings of ceilings, walls, doors, built-in furniture and equipment in all apartment premises are usually carried out simultaneously (or in all the premises of one of the groups). Therefore, coatings in such rooms should be selected as close as possible on durability, the terms of moral aging, between-repair periods, and economy. At the same time, special attention is paid to reducing the labor intensity of finishing works, the possibility of using materials and compositions that allow them to be applied mechanically.

Interior decoration is an integral part of the repair of any building. It is no less important than changing the facade of the building.

The decoration of the room is a whole complex of measures to create an attractive appearance in the room. As a rule, it consists in plastering and painting walls, gluing roll materials (wallpaper), overlapping with wooden and plastic panels.

Elements of interior decoration of buildings include plastering, facing, stucco molding, painting and wallpapering. Elements of interior decoration have decorative, protective and sanitary-hygienic value.

For the interior decoration of walls and ceilings, three types of materials from plastics are used: roll, sheet and tile.

Lime-sand mortars are used for plastering stone walls in rooms with a moisture content of not more than 60%, lime-cement mortars - when plastering concrete surfaces and finishing rooms with high humidity; cement mortars are recommended to cover concrete surfaces; Lime solutions and additives of gypsum plaster the surfaces of wooden walls and partitions. Moisture of brick and stone structures, intended for finishing with dry plaster, should not exceed 8%.

Places of mating heterogeneous materials (for example, wooden parts of buildings with brick or concrete structures), as well as places where it is required to apply plaster layers with a thickness of more than 20 mm, are covered with a metal mesh with cells measuring 10X20 mm.

In dry rooms, the surface of the walls can be finished with dry plaster plaster boards or with an organic agent (wood-fiber boards).

Seams between sheets of dry plaster are closed with calc-plaster mortar (15% lime and 85% gypsum), and the surface of the sheets is stained or wallpapered. With high-quality finishing (coloring), the joints are glued with gauze (serpent) and shpatlyuyut.

In rooms with high humidity (sanitary units, kitchens), the lower part of the walls are faced with glazed ceramic, polystyrene tiles at a certain height (lined panels). Here also apply insulak - hard wood-fibrous plates, covered with water-resistant enamels on the front side. Insulac is glued to the surface with Kumaron-Nainite GL-2 glue. Thanks to the use of insulac, the labor intensity of the facing works and their cost are significantly reduced.

Painting and pasting of internal surfaces is carried out after their plastering and complete drying (the moisture of the plaster and concrete before painting should not be higher than 2%, wood - 12%).

The walls of residential premises are painted with glue color compositions, and in rooms with high air humidity - waterproof compounds. Ceilings in residential premises are painted with a glutinous chalky composition, and in humid premises - with a lime composition. Water-resistant compounds are painted with wooden parts of window frames and door leaves, door casings, plinths and wooden boards in residential buildings.

To finish the walls inside the premises, also use water-based polyvinyl acetate, styrene butadiene, synthol paints, as well as wallpaper (usual or washable). Pasting of the walls with ordinary wallpaper is done on the prepared surface (pre-gluing with newsprint). For paper, paste based on muirkmal, paint glue, as well as various synthetic glues and adhesives are used.

Reinforced concrete slabs (ceiling) may be painted with oil paint. To eliminate the glossiness of the surface, it is necessary to mix 1 liter of paint with tooth powder (10 boxes) and dilute with turpentine. To give the desired shade, add color to the oil base.

End of work -

This topic belongs to the section:

Module 1

Classification of ceramic materials and products by density and purpose ... Ceramic refers to products and materials obtained from clay masses or from their mixtures with mineral additives ...

If you need additional material on this topic, or you did not find what you were looking for, we recommend you use the search on our database:

What we will do with the material:

If this material turned out to be useful for you, you can save it on your page in social networks: